World Civilizations B - Final Exam Study Guide

Name:

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

In early feudal Japan, female samurai could train to fight, inherit property, and participate in business.

During the Tokugawa period, the samurai became more powerful.

Copernicus was the first scientist to create a complete model of the solar system combining physics, astronomy, and mathematics.

John Locke believed that the purpose of government was to protect people’s natural rights.

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best form of government included a separation of powers.

Enlightenment ideals had little or no impact in the new nation known as the United States.

Andreas Vesalius dissected the bodies of executed criminals in order to advance medicine through study of human anatomy.

During the Renaissance, artists and architects made mathematics, science and reason an integral part of their work and therefore challenged the basic beliefs of the Catholic Church.

In the 1600s, philosophers concluded that reason could be used to solve all human problems.

10.

The Third Estate included the bourgeoisie, the artisans and workers, and the peasants.

11.

Only male citizens were executed during the Reign of Terror.

12.

Napoleon Bonaparte was a brilliant military leader who could be described as ruthlessly ambitious.

13.

During a period known as the Hundred Days, Napoleon’s troops met disaster during the winter in Russia.

14.

The army Napoleon led into Russia was troubled from the start by disloyalty, problems with supplies, and misery caused by summer heat.

15.

The expansion of the railroads raised consumer prices and put many manufactured products out of reach of most working-class people.

16.

Electricity drastically changed industry and daily life more than any other technological advance of the late 1800s.

17.

Increased industrialization created a need for a more educated workforce because factories needed managers who could read and write.

18.

The emergence of public transportation helped suburbs grow.

19.

The murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria led to the outbreak of World War I.

20.

The League of Nations included representatives from all the nations of the world.

21.

Russia joined World War I because of a previous agreement to protect Serbia.

22.

New technologies developed during World War I gave the Allies a clear advantage on the battlefield.

23.

G-boats were German submarines used to attack Allied ships during World War I.

24.

The presence of the United States in the League of Nations strengthened that organization.

25.

Nearly 9 million soldiers were killed in World War I battles.

26.

The Great Depression created ideal conditions for the rise of powerful leaders who promised to restore their nations to glory.

27.

Mein Kampf described Hitler’s major political ideas, including his belief in the racial superiority of Aryans.

28.

During World War II, Russia, Germany, and Italy were known as the Axis Powers.

29.

During World War II, Britain and France became known as the Allies.

30.

Many Germans accepted Hitler’s anti-Semitism and his claims that Germans were a “master race” because they felt humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles and wanted a convenient scapegoat for Germany’s problems.

31.

The Battle of the Bulge was significant because it marked the end of major German resistance.

32.

The dropping of an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima ended the war in the Pacific.

33.

Only Jews were targeted by the Nazi campaign to kill “inferior” people.

34.

Lay investiture is the practice of bishops in the church giving away church positions for money.

35.

A typical peasant home on a manor was built of wood with a thatch roof and created a dangerous situation for fires to start.

36.

Most knights followed the chivalric code very closely and protected the lower classes whenever possible.

37.

A tithe was a tax the peasants paid to a priest when they wanted to get married.

38.

Justinian code was created in Rome and was made up of three works that had previously been published in Roman law.

39.

Land granted by a medieval lord to a vassal in exchange for protection was called a fief.

40.

The Pope promised knights a place in heaven if they were to fight for Christendom in the Crusades to Jerusalem.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

41.

Which of the following was the name for the trade network that started between Europe and the “New World” which saw the trading of plants, animals, and even diseases?

a.	Columbian Exchange	c.	Middle Passage
b.	Atlantic Slave Trade	d.	Venezuelan Exchange

42.

This economic system developed as Europeans settled in the Americas and created a merchant class and private ownership that allowed common people to obtain wealth.

a.	Mercantilism	c.	Capitalism
b.	Communism	d.	Slave Trade

43.

The Atlantic Slave Trade rose out of a need for more workers in the Americas. What was the main cause of this need for workers?

a.	Indians were rebelling and killing Europeans	c.	Africans wanted to help build European plantations
b.	Indians were dying of disease	d.	Indians were too lazy to work the plantations

44.

Who first captured Africans and sold them to slave traders on the West Coast of Africa?

a.	African tribes	c.	Europeans
b.	Muslims	d.	Indians

45.

Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were

a.	Plato and Aristotle.	c.	navigators and explorers.
b.	the Church and ancient scholars.	d.	Aquinas and his followers.

46.

Which of the following posed theories that brought him into direct conflict with the Church?

a.	Francis Bacon	c.	Aristotle
b.	Galileo	d.	Ptolemy

47.

Who wrote “Man is born free but everywhere is in chains”?

a.	Locke	c.	Rousseau
b.	Montesquieu	d.	Voltaire

48.

What led scientists to study the natural world more closely in the mid-1500s?

a.	a series of natural disasters	c.	the death of Aristotle
b.	Thomas Paine’s pamphlet	d.	exploration

49.

Which of the following proposed the geocentric theory?

a.	Aristotle	c.	Galileo
b.	Copernicus	d.	Johannes Kepler

50.

Which of the following published a book supporting the heliocentric theory?

a.	Copernicus	c.	Descartes
b.	Ptolemy	d.	Galen

51.

What new approach allowed scholars to gain new scientific knowledge?

a.	financing by the Church	c.	universal public education
b.	the scientific method	d.	the Inquisition

52.

Which of following was written by Denis Diderot in order to promote knowledge?

a.	the Encyclopedia	c.	Leviathan
b.	Candide	d.	Two Treatises on Government

53.

Many peasants came to oppose the French Revolution because

a.	they were staunch Jacobins.
b.	they opposed the Revolution’s anticlerical moves and the draft.
c.	they were pacifists.
d.	they were influenced by Enlightenment ideas.

54.

The French people welcomed Napoleon because

a.	they hoped he would help the collapsing French economy.
b.	he completely disavowed the ideals of the Revolution.
c.	he was the grandson of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
d.	he promised order after the chaos of the Revolution.

55.

What caused Napoleon to pull his troops from Spain?

a.	the guerrilla war raged by Spanish people
b.	the British navy’s support of the Spanish revolt
c.	the harsh winter of 1808
d.	Portugal’s neutrality

56.

Throughout the Napoleonic Wars, France’s greatest enemy was

a.	Austria.	c.	the Kingdom of Tuscany.
b.	Portugal.	d.	Great Britain.

57.

Part of the legacy of the French Revolution is that

a.	it has discouraged revolutions worldwide for 200 years.
b.	it has inspired people to fight for their rights in other parts of the world.
c.	citizens’ rights in Europe were never again restricted.
d.	all European monarchies became democracies.

58.

Which European campaign was a disaster for Napoleon?

a.	the Russian Campaign	c.	the Peninsular War
b.	the Saint Domingue Expedition	d.	the Continental System

59.

The rights outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen did not extend to

a.	the bourgeoisie.	c.	the First Estate.
b.	women.	d.	the workers.

60.

Which of the following was a solution to scarce living and working space in cities?

a.	the mechanization of industry	c.	the construction of subways
b.	the construction of skyscrapers	d.	the expansion of public education

61.

The increasingly educated population, explosion of newspapers, and the telegraph made a career in which of the following possible in the late 1880s?

a.	teaching	c.	carpentry
b.	journalism	d.	art

62.

What caused the growth in leisure time activities in the late 1800s?

a.	the move from cities to suburbs
b.	higher incomes and more free time
c.	private funding of concert halls and theaters
d.	automobiles

63.

What development was essential to the expansion of cities to the suburbs?

a.	the growth of sports
b.	the invention of the telegraph
c.	the emergence of public transportation systems
d.	the professionalization of nursing

64.

Which of the following best describes Germany’s position for much of the war?

a.	All of Germany’s military efforts were focused on Serbia.
b.	Germany faced war on two fronts.
c.	Germany did not have a military strategy for this war.
d.	Germany was a neutral country.

65.

Why did both sides in World War I turn to new weapons?

a.	because trench warfare had led to a stalemate
b.	because there were not enough weapons to arm the millions of soldiers
c.	because advances in radar technology made bombers almost useless
d.	because both sides wanted to avoid the deaths of too many soldiers

66.

What was the Zimmermann Note?

a.	the German policy of attacking all ships entering or leaving Great Britain
b.	Wilson’s speech detailing reasons why the United States should remain neutral
c.	a note left behind by a suicide bomber in Serbia
d.	a proposal by a German official that Mexico attack the United States in return for territory

67.

Which of the following battles signified a turning point in the Allied Powers’ favor in the war?

a.	the Second Battle of the Marne	c.	the Battle of Verdun
b.	the Battle of the Frontiers	d.	the Battle of Caporetto

68.

The partnership formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s was called the

a.	Triple Entente.	c.	Eastern Block.
b.	Triple Alliance.	d.	Central Powers.

69.

Which series of events led to World War I?

a.	Austria took over Bosnia, Serbia declared war on Austria, and Germany declared war on Serbia.
b.	Germany declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to support Serbia, and Great Britain declared war on Russia.
c.	Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to support Serbia, and Germany declared war on Russia.
d.	An Austrian-Hungarian nobleman was assassinated, Germany moved to support Austria, and Great Britain declared war on Germany.

70.

France, Russia, and Great Britain made up the

a.	Triple Entente.	c.	Eastern Block.
b.	Triple Alliance.	d.	Central Powers.

71.

On which two fronts did Germany fight during World War I?

a.	Russia to the east and Italy to the south.
b.	France to the west and Belgium to the north.
c.	Russia to the east and France to the west.
d.	Switzerland to the south and Russia to the east.

72.

What was the immediate result of trench warfare?

a.	an easy victory for the Allied Powers	c.	fewer casualties on both sides
b.	massive deadlock	d.	an easy victory for the Central Powers

73.

How did the Zimmermann Note affect American neutrality?

a.	It led the United States to attack Mexico.
b.	It made American leaders more resolved to safeguard their neutral rights.
c.	It led to strong public support for U.S. entry into the war.
d.	It led the Allies to beg the United States to support their war effort.

74.

The entry of the United States into World War I

a.	did not effect the war’s outcome.
b.	added hundreds of thousands of troops to the Allied cause.
c.	made German soldiers fight much harder than they had before.
d.	infused much-needed cash into the Allied war effort.

75.

Which of the following began World War II?

a.	the defeat of Franco’s Nationalists	c.	Hitler’s attack on Czechoslovakia
b.	the Anschluss	d.	Hitler’s attack on Poland

76.

What recent invention allowed the British to more effectively defend against German air attacks?

a.	trench warfare	c.	the submarine
b.	radar	d.	the sitzkrieg

77.

Why was the Soviet Union unprepared for Hitler’s attack in June 1941?

a.	because German troops were also pushing towards Paris
b.	because the Soviets had previously signed a nonaggression pact with Germany
c.	because the Soviets were a member of the Axis alliance
d.	because Hitler had already surrendered

78.

What event led to a decisive shift away from isolationism in the United States?

a.	the Battle of Britain
b.	the discovery of Auschwitz
c.	the sinking of American ships by German submarines
d.	the attack on Pearl Harbor

79.

The Siege of Leningrad resulted in

a.	a Germany victory.
b.	the starvation of one million German troops.
c.	a British victory.
d.	the starvation of one million Russian civilians.

80.

The Nazi campaign to imprison inferior people included which of the following targets?

a.	Jews and Aryans
b.	only Jews
c.	Jews, homosexuals, disabled people, Poles, Slavs, and Gypsies
d.	all residents of Allied countries

81.

What was the goal of the Yalta Conference?

a.	to agree on a schedule for the invasion of France
b.	to reach an agreement on what to do with postwar Europe
c.	to compensate victims of the Holocaust
d.	to divide Europe into communist and capitalist sections

82.

The D-Day invasion of Normandy was launched from

a.	Belgium.	c.	Berlin.
b.	the United Kingdom.	d.	the Soviet Union.

83.

Which group was treated most harshly by the U.S. government during World War II?

a.	German Americans	c.	Italian Americans
b.	African Americans	d.	Japanese Americans

84.

Hitler’s Final Solution included

a.	opening a second front in Western Europe.
b.	less restrictive laws benefiting Germany’s Jewish population.
c.	concentration camps, death camps, and Einsatzgruppen.
d.	deportation of European Jews.

85.

The term vernacular refers to which of the following?

a.	Latin poetry	c.	a foreign language
b.	the “common tongue”	d.	a type of guild

86.

What is the name for a trade organization in which all of the members have the same occupation?

a.	guild	c.	fief
b.	vernacular	d.	apprentice

87.

The Hagia Sophia was the most beautiful Christian church ever built during the Byzantine Empire. What does Hagia Sophia mean in Greek?

a.	Holy Fire	c.	Holy Wisdom
b.	Church of God	d.	Church of Justinian

88.

Who started the Nika Rebellion within the walls of the hippodrome in Constantinople?

a.	gangs of chariot race fans	c.	Belisarius and his troops
b.	the Ottoman Turks	d.	Empress Theodora

89.

Which of the following allowed the population of Europe to increase during the early Middle Ages?

a.	the horse collar	c.	increased food supply
b.	three field agriculture	d.	all of the above

90.

Which of the following were problems in the Catholic Church during medieval times?

a.	simony	c.	the marriage of priests
b.	lay investiture	d.	all of the above

91.

This is the practice of kings putting people in church positions to gain power and influence over the members of the church.

a.	simony	c.	vernacular tithing
b.	lay investiture	d.	guild breaking

92.

Which of the following would be considered the practice of simony?

a.	friars marrying outside of the church	c.	priests marrying in the church
b.	kings inappropriately giving church positions	d.	bishops selling church positions

93.

What was the term used for people that lived in medieval towns and literally meant “town dwellers?”

a.	troubadours	c.	guilds
b.	burghers	d.	unions

94.

Which of the following was not a way that the city of Constantinople defended itself against invaders?

a.	trebuchets built into the tower walls	c.	walls surrounding all 13 miles of the city
b.	a giant chain across the Golden Horn	d.	two sets of walls guarding the land entrances to the city

95.

Who was the Byzantine general that won back lands from the Muslims in North Africa and stopped the Nika Rebellion in Constantinople?

a.	Justinian	c.	Belisarius
b.	Hericles	d.	Constantine

96.

The basic economic unit during the early Middle Ages was the:

a.	tithe	c.	clergy
b.	fief	d.	manor

97.

Which of the following was not a cause of the Crusades to recapture Palestine from Muslim control?

a.	Italian merchants looked to gain wealth	c.	Constantinople called for help and Pope Urban the II responded
b.	Knights were promised entrance to heaven	d.	Saladin challenged Richard the Lion Hearted in the Reconquista

98.

Which of the following leaders of the Third Crusade was the only one that made it to Jerusalem?

a.	Saladin	c.	Phillip Augustus
b.	Richard the Lion Hearted	d.	Frederick the I

99.

What is the correct order of the education of a knight?

a.	age 7 squire, age 14 knight, age 21 page	c.	age 7 page, age 14 squire, age 21 knight
b.	age 7 knight, age 14 page, age 21 squire	d.	age 7 page, age 15 squire, age 20 knight

100.

Which of the following was a medieval siege weapon that operated much like a giant sling that could hurl large objects, such as dead horses, over 900 ft?

a.	mangonel	c.	battering ram
b.	mantlet	d.	trebuchet

101.

Which two inventions allowed for the creation of knights as mounted warriors?

a.	the bow and arrow	c.	the saddle and stirrup
b.	the saddle and sword	d.	the stirrup and shield

102.

Which of the following was a person who resided on a manor and could not lawfully leave the place where they were born?

a.	serfs	c.	vassals
b.	peasants	d.	clergy

103.

The Children’s crusade was started by a young shepherd named Steven in France. Several thousand children joined him on a quest to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. What happened to most of the children on this crusade?

a.	they were successful in taking the city	c.	they were stopped by the Pope in Rome
b.	they were tricked and sold into slavery	d.	most of the children returned to their home

104.

According to Chivalric code, knights were supposed to protect which group of people?

a.	the weak	c.	the church
b.	the lord	d.	all of the above

105.

Which of the following was not an effect of the bubonic plague?

a.	The Pope gained power as people turned to the church for help	c.	Anti-Semitic beliefs increased in Europe
b.	The manor system collapsed as people left their manors	d.	Europe and China both lost 1/3 of their populations

106.

During the Third Crusade, what historic event occurred in the city of Acre that infuriated Muslim troops and caused extreme distrust among Christians and Muslims?

a.	Christian knights slaughtered innocent Muslims	c.	Alexius Comnenus sent knights to capture the Muslim sultan
b.	Saladin trapped and killed crusading children	d.	Christian soldiers burned the Sacred Mosque in Jerusalem

107.

This was a sustained period of renewed interest and remarkable developments in art, literature, science, and learning. In French, the term literally means “rebirth.”

a.	Vernacular	c.	Renaissance
b.	Secular	d.	Humanism

108.

An English playwright considered by many to be the greatest of all time, this man focused on the lives of realistic characters that would appeal to even the uneducated person.

a.	Dante	c.	Chaucer
b.	Shakespeare	d.	Johann Gutenberg

109.

This person was given the credit for inventing movable type and the printing press, an invention that would revolutionize Europe as it allowed literacy rates to dramatically increase.

a.	Johann Gutenberg	c.	Leonardo da Vinci
b.	Machiavelli	d.	Jan van Eyck

110.

During the Renaissance, artists used myths of these ancient cultures for inspiration in their paintings and sculptures.

a.	Greek and Italian	c.	Roman and Egyptian
b.	Spartan and Venitian	d.	Roman and Greek

111.

The buyers of art who were often times wealthy individuals, city governments, or the church. A term referring to people who comissioned artists to create their masterpieces.

a.	patron	c.	machiavellian
b.	humanist	d.	medici

112.

Having a worldly focus rather than a spiritual one:

a.	vernacular	c.	utopia
b.	renaissance	d.	secular

113.

Which of the following was a plague that swept through Europe and had a role in the changes that took place during the Renaissance after the 1300s?

a.	The Choleric Plague	c.	The Smallpox Death
b.	The Black Death	d.	Typhoid Plague

114.

This painter would be considered a Renaissance Man and produced the Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.

a.	Raphael Sanzio	c.	Leonardo da Vinci
b.	Michelangelo Buonarroti	d.	Baldassare Castiglione

115.

Michelangelo painted this structure, considered by some experts the greatest work of art ever commissioned.

a.	the Sistine Chapel	c.	the Cathedral of Florence
b.	the Notre Dame Cathedral	d.	the Hagia Sophia

116.

During this historic meeting, the Catholic and Protestant German princes came to an agreement that each prince would chose the religion of his state:

a.	Magna Carta	c.	Peace of Augsburg
b.	Treaty of Verdun	d.	Edict of Worms

Completion
Complete each statement.

117.

Portuguese sailors found both ______________ and _______________ along the west coast of Africa.

118.

____________________, which means “way of the warrior,” was a strict code of ethics in feudal Japan.

119.

____________________ Buddhism, a form of Buddhism adopted by many Japanese feudal warriors, stressed discipline and meditation as ways to focus the mind and gain wisdom.

120.

In the 1600s, a new type of drama emerged in Japan called ____________________, in which actors sing and dance, pausing to interact with the audience.

121.

The supreme military leader of Japan, called the ____________________, ruled in the emperor’s name.

122.

The ____________________ theory held that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, moon, and planets revolved around it.

123.

English physician ____________________ explained the workings of the human heart.

124.

During the _________________________, scholars began to challenge traditional authorities, pose theories about the natural world, and develop procedures to test those ideas.

125.

____________________ was the first scientist to create a complete model of the solar system combining physics, astronomy, and mathematics.

126.

____________________ developed the law of universal gravitation.

127.

_________________________ wrote, “Man is born free but everywhere is in chains.”

128.

In her 1792 book, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, _________________________ argued that if men and women had equal education, they would be equal in society.

129.

The ____________________ was used for most executions during the Reign of Terror.

130.

A sense of patriotism and unity as a people is called ____________________.

131.

The ____________________ eliminated many injustices in French law but also promoted order and authority over individual rights.

132.

The ____________________ brothers were the first to fly a powered airplane in sustained flight on December 17, 1903.

133.

____________________ is credited with inventing the telegraph and a language for sending messages.

134.

The theories of scientist ____________________, including the theory of relativity and the formula E = mc², revolutionized physics.

135.

In the early 1900s, Henry Ford built an affordable car known as the ____________________.

136.

Cities began printing ____________________ with expanded coverage including current events and information about arts and science.

137.

The partnership formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s was called the ____________________.

138.

During World War I, Serbia, Russia, France, and Great Britain were known as the ____________________.

139.

____________________ is information designed to influence people’s opinions.

140.

The quest to build empires and colonize other regions is called ____________________.

141.

Germany began the war with a quick strike into Belgium and planned to move on to attack ____________________.

142.

Britain pioneered the use of ____________________ in World War I to cross rough battlefield terrain.

143.

The ____________________, or truce, that ended the fighting in World War I was agreed to on November 11, 1918.

144.

The economic crisis that began in 1929 with the stock market crash is known as the ____________________.

145.

____________________ emerged as the new Soviet leader after Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924.

146.

As the Nazis gained strength ____________________ was appointed to the position of chancellor, the most powerful post in the German government.

147.

____________________ is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews.

148.

British politician _________________________ spoke out against Britain’s policy of appeasement.

149.

The belief that a country should stay out of the affairs of other nations is called ____________________.

150.

The ____________________ were Japanese pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and deliberately crashed into Allied ships, sacrificing their own lives in the process.

151.

Confined areas within a city where Jews were forced to live were called ____________________.

152.

On June 6, 1944, known as ____________________, Allied forces invaded France.

153.

The Japanese emperor surrendered on August 15, 1945, a day that became known as ____________________.

154.

The ____________________ was formed after World War II to encourage international cooperation and prevent future wars.

Matching

a.	Christopher Columbus	d.	Amerigo Vespucci
b.	Henry Hudson	e.	Sir Francis Drake
c.	Ferdinand Magellan	f.	Vasco Nunez de Balboa

155.

The second man to circumnavigate the world

156.

A bay and a river in the United States are named after this Dutch sailor

157.

He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

158.

He thought he found the Indies on his voyage, but actually found the Americas

159.

America was given its name after this Spanish Explorer found its coast

160.

He was given credit for being the first to circumnavigate the world

Select the letter of the term, person, or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used.

a.	philosophes
b.	social contract
c.	salons
d.	heliocentric theory
e.	William Harvey
f.	Age of Reason
g.	geocentric theory

161.

The Enlightenment

162.

A physician who explained the workings of the human heart

163.

French Enlightenment thinkers

164.

The exchange between a society and its government

165.

Held that the earth was the center of the universe and the sun, moon, and planets revolved around it

166.

Brought together intellectuals in social gatherings to discuss ideas

167.

Held that the earth revolves around the sun

Select the letter of the term, person, or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used.

a.	urbanization	c.	steam engine
b.	mass production	d.	psychology

168.

Provided power for trains and boats

169.

Production method that lowered the cost of goods

170.

The growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities

171.

The study of the mind and human behavior

Select the letter of the term, person, or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used.

a.	poison gas	d.	Schlieffen Plan
b.	propaganda	e.	Woodrow Wilson
c.	no-man’s-land

172.

German military plan to fight France, then Russia

173.

Information designed to influence people’s opinions

174.

A new weapon developed during World War I that was fairly ineffective

175.

Area between opposing trenches

176.

His vision of world peace was called the Fourteen Points

Select the letter of the term, person, or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used.

a.	the Holocaust	c.	concentration camps
b.	Einsatzgruppen

177.

Labor camps holding people designated as enemies of Germany

178.

The genocidal campaign against Jews

179.

Mobile killing units that executed Jews on a massive scale

Select the letter of the term, person, or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used.

a.	Winston Churchill	d.	blitzkrieg
b.	isolationism	e.	V-E Day
c.	United Nations

180.

Spoke out against Britain’s policy of appeasement

181.

Celebrated Germany’s surrender

182.

War tactic combining air and ground attacks and emphasizing speed

183.

Formed to encourage international cooperation and prevent war

184.

Desire to stay out of the affairs of other nations

Match the letter of the terms to the correct definition listed below.

a.	Magna Carta	e.	heretic
b.	chivalry	f.	Holy Land
c.	vernacular	g.	Crusades
d.	troubadour	h.	Black Death

185.

a series of religious wars fought between Muslims and Christians

186.

the city of Jerusalem and the surrounding area

187.

traveling poet-musicians who performed at medieval courts

188.

a code developed to make warfare less bloody

189.

a plague that killed 1/3 of Europe and China

190.

the common language or “tongue” of a people

191.

an agreement between King John and his nobles guaranteeing basic political rights

192.

a person who opposed the official teachings of the church

Short Answer

193.

Name the three main ideas that Martin Luther’s teachings and theses were based on.

194.

Describe trench warfare using three specific aspects used during WWI.